Guar Gum functions as a strong binder. It helps prevent tablets from disintegrating during packaging, storage and handling. It is derived from the seed kernel of the guar plant.

Glycerin Monooleate, a polar lipid, functions as a humectant and solvent. It is prepared by the esterification of glycerin with fatty acids (chiefly oleic acid).

Glycerin functions as a humectant and solvent and is essential to the pliability and stability of modern gelcaps.

Gelatin, a purified protein, is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including soft and hard gel capsules. It can also function as a stabilizer, binder, and gelling agent.

Dextrose, a simple sugar, is used in some formulas as a binder, disintegrant, or coating agent. The amount used is generally so small that it would take several tablets to provide even a single calorie.

Croscarmellose Sodium is called a “super disintegrant” because of its effectiveness (even at very low concentrations) in promoting the breakdown of tablets following ingestion. It is manufactured from cellulose (plant fiber) which has been processed to have a high affinity for water.

Citric acid is primarily used as a flavoring agent (due to its tartness). Malic acid is found in a wide variety of fruits, including apples and cherries. In some formulations, this acid may also function as antioxidant.

Citric acid is primarily used as a flavoring agent (due to its tartness). Citric acid can be found in oranges, lemons, and limes. In some formulations, this acid may also function as antioxidant.

Beeswax is a natural wax that functions as an emulsifier. It is used to blend and stabilize liquids that are not mutually soluble, and to improve the bioavailability of certain lipid-soluble compounds.

Ascorbyl Palmitate is a fat-soluble form of vitamin C used primarily as a lubricant to improve the flow of tableting powders in manufacturing presses, and to facilitate ejection of tablets from the equipment following compression. Ascorbyl palmitate also provides some vitamin C activity.