{"id":55848,"date":"2022-03-08T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T19:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/?p=55848"},"modified":"2022-07-18T12:02:15","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T18:02:15","slug":"pandemic-epidemic-endemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/pandemic-epidemic-endemic\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a8d\u8b58\u8853\u8a9e\uff1a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u8207\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u5dee\u5225"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pandemic<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u56de\u9867 2019 \u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u885b\u751f\u7d19\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8f49\u578b\u70ba\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u591a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u300d\u7b49\u8a5e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9664\u975e\u60a8\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u8077\u5834\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e38\u601d\u8003\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u5728\u65b0\u805e\u6216\u65e5\u5e38\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u807d\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u300d\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u91d0\u6e05\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6df1\u5165\u77ad\u89e3\u75be\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5967\u79d8\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u2014\u2014\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u6703\u7d50\u675f\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\uff1a\u75be\u75c5\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u77ad\u89e3\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u5c0d\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6240\u8a02\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u8cac\u5927\u4efb\u6258\u4ed8\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2<\/a>\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u807d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u5371\u5bb3\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u50b3\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b58\u5225\u9019\u4e9b\u6f5b\u5728\u5371\u6a5f\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5075\u63a2\u8abf\u67e5\u72af\u7f6a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u3001\u8ab0\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u8a8d\u6700\u4f73\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0b\u627e\u9632\u6b62\u75be\u75c5\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u540c\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e0\u77ad\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u75ab\u60c5\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u6f14\u8b8a\u53ca\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u65e5\u591c\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u9032\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u7576\u60a8\u807d\u5230\u4fdd\u6301\u516d\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u96e2\u6216\u77ad\u89e3\u4f55\u6642\u61c9\u8a72\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u7576\u60a8\u5728 2019 \u5e74\u5e95\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u807d\u5230\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u80ba\u708e\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6b66\u6f22\u5e02\u7684\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u75c5\u6bd2\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u908a\u754c\u548c\u5168\u570b\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u5340\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u7d42\u8de8\u8d8a\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u570b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u88e1\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7206\u767c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u53e3\u6216\u5730\u5340\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4e14\u672a\u9810\u8b66\u5730\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u6563\u64ad\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u82b1\u3001\u9ebb\u75b9\u548c\u5c0f\u5152\u9ebb\u75fa\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u8fc5\u901f\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5927\u9678\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u9996\u5168\u7403<\/em>\uff08pan-\uff1b pandemic\uff09\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u5168\u90e8\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5168\u7f8e\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u90fd\u6703\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5728\u9084\u6c92\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5168\u7403\u4e4b\u524d\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u7206\u767c\u7136\u5f8c\u6d88\u5931\u6b86\u76e1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u75be\u75c5\u50b3\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u75c5\u4f8b\u6025\u907d\u6fc0\u589e\u4e26\u5f9e\u539f\u767c\u570b\u64f4\u6563\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5c31\u6703\u9054\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54 (WHO) \u65bc 2020 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u4f48\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u70ba\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5df2\u7d93\u50b3\u64ad\u5230 100 \u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u662f 2009 \u5e74\u7684 H1N1 \u6d41\u611f\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u8b8a\u6210\u5730\u65b9\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u5152\u9ebb\u75fa\u75c7\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u5152\u9ebb\u75fa\u75ab\u82d7\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u81ea 1979 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u5c0f\u5152\u9ebb\u75fa\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u6e1b\u6162\uff0c\u8d8a\u5c11\u4eba\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u75c5\u6bd2\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5730\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7206\u767c\u6703\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u76e3\u63a7\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u64f4\u6563\u3002\u9ebb\u75b9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7576\u901a\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u5730\u5340\u51fa\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u75c5\u4f8b\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7206\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u6703\u6e1b\u7de9\u6563\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u5730\u5340\u4e2d\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u4eba\u5f9e\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u75ab\u82d7\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u514d\u75ab\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u75be\u75c5\u66f4\u96e3\u50cf\u958b\u59cb\u7206\u767c\u6642\u5feb\u901f\u6563\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5c31\u9000\u6e1b\u70ba\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u5730\u5340\u4e0d\u65b7\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u8981\u5206\u8fa8\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u806f\u60f3\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u300c\u5730\u65b9\u300d\uff08end-\uff1b endemic\uff09\u6240\u6307\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6307\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u9081\u5411\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7627\u75be\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u71b1\u5e36\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u7576\u5b83\u50b3\u64ad\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u7206\u767c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u50cf\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7d50\u675f\uff1a\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5730\u65b9\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u6709\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u771f\u6b63\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7372\u5f97\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6578\u91cf\u5c07\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u50cf\u6d41\u611f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b63\u7bc0\u75c5\u4f8b\u6703\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u75be\u75c5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6703\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u6703\u7d50\u675f\u55ce\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u2014\u2014\u6703\u7684\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u9072\u65e9\u6703\u4f86\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u5411\u6211\u5011\u8b49\u660e\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/csels\/dsepd\/ss1978\/lesson1\/section11.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/careerpaths\/k12teacherroadmap\/epidemiology.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/careerpaths\/k12teacherroadmap\/epidemiologists.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/when-is-pandemic-over-viral-questions-2c47fdd7611411a418a7ea18a61f5d1c<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/intermountainhealthcare.org\/blogs\/topics\/live-well\/2020\/04\/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-and-an-outbreak\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.publichealth.columbia.edu\/public-health-now\/news\/epidemic-endemic-pandemic-what-are-differences<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/features\/what-will-it-be-like-when-covid-19-becomes-endemic\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/time.com\/5791661\/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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