{"id":43733,"date":"2019-10-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-11T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/?p=43733"},"modified":"2021-06-02T12:47:22","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T18:47:22","slug":"cell-anatomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/cell-anatomy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u60a8\u3001\u6211\u3001\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\uff1a\u7d30\u80de\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u4e4b\u65c5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43507\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Robert-Hooke-Microscope-1664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Robert-Hooke-Microscope-1664.jpg 500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Robert-Hooke-Microscope-1664-369x400.jpg 369w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1665\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u6cf0\u59ec\u9675\u572812\u5e74\u524d\u5b8c\u5de5\uff1b\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u5c07\u770b\u898b<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/fruits-vs-vegetables-quiz\/\">\u860b\u679c<\/a>\u5f9e\u6a39\u4e0a\u843d\u4e0b\u4e26\u53d7\u5230\u555f\u767c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u502b\u6566\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u517c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Robert Hooke\u5c07\u4e00\u7247\u8584\u6728\u7247\u653e\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u7684\u6a19\u672c\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5947\u7279\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u5168\u8eab\u4f48\u6eff\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u8702\u5de2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7d30\u5b54\u5448\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\u3002\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b54\u9699\uff0c\u6216\u7d30\u80de\u2026\u2026\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u6211\u898b\u904e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u898b\u904e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5f9e\u672a\u898b\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u5b54\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u6216\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>Hooke\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\u662f\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4ed6\u5176\u5be6\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u53c3\u89c0\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4e2d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fee\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5920\u7cbe\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/qa\/%e7%87%9f%e9%a4%8a%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%a9%e6%96%b0\/\">\u76f4\u523013\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4eba\u8fd1\u8ddd\u96e2\u89aa\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8377\u862d\u5546\u4eba\u517c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Antonie van Leeuwenhoek\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u9996\u6b21\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u539f\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7a31\u70ba<em>\u5fae\u578b\u52d5\u7269<\/em>\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u5c0f\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>Hooke\u65e9\u5df2\u904e\u4e16\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u516c\u5893\u7684\u67d0\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u671d\u8457\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4eca\u7a31\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9818\u57df \u9081\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6bcf\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u7531\u66fe\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u5f97\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u523037.2\u842c\u5104\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u60a8\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u6c92\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002Leeuwenhoek\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u5c0f\u52d5\u7269\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/defining-microbiome\/\">\u7d30\u83cc<\/a>\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7d44\u7a31\u70ba\u53e4\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5bb6\u65cf\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7a31\u70ba\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8a8d\u8b58\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4f46\u771f\u6838\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u8a2d\u60a8\u7e2e\u5c0f\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6838\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u50cf\u60a8\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u60a8\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u9010\u6f38\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u7e2e\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u958b\u59cb\u805a\u7126\u4e00\u7d44\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfHooke\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u4f86\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7d30\u80de\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u3002\u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u50cf\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u624b\u6307\u4e00\u6a23\u5411\u5916\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5c0d\u71df\u990a\u5438\u6536\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u6975\u5927\u5730\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u9ad4\u7a4d\u3002\u7e96\u6bdb\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8cea\u6cbf\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u63a8\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u97ad\u6bdb\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d30\u8584\u7684\u5c3e\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u52d5\u6574\u500b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u8b93\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u5920\u6e38\u52d5\uff01<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u570d\u6b04\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5141\u8a31<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/qa\/macronutrients\/\">\u98df\u7269\u548c\u71df\u990a\u7d20<\/a>\u9032\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7531\u540d\u70ba\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u96d9\u5c64\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u70ba\u982d\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002\u982d\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u89aa\u6c34\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u6c34\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u800c\u5c3e\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u758f\u6c34\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u6c34\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u982d\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u60a8\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u96d9\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u50cf\u62c9\u934a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5c3e\u90e8\u758f\u6c34\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7262\u7262\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5fb9\u5e95\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5bcc\u542b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u9240\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u80de\u8cea\u6eb6\u81a0\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6db2\u9ad4\u7269\u8cea\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6db2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60a8\u9084\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u770b\u4f3c\u7db2\u6216\u67b6\u5b50\u7684\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d50\u69cb\u652f\u6490\u4e26\u8b93\u7269\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7531\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7e96\u7dad\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5fae\u7d72\u3001\u4e2d\u9593\u7e96\u7dad\u548c\u5fae\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u7d72\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u626d\u66f2\u93c8\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u58d3\u7e2e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ee5\u7e2e\u77ed\u7d30\u80de\u76f4\u5f91\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u58d3\u7e2e\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7e2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u9593\u7e96\u7dad\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d30\u80de\u6846\u67b6\u4e26\u5354\u52a9\u6574\u5408\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u626d\u66f2\u93c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u7ba1\u5448\u87ba\u65cb\u5f62\u3002\u7576\u5fae\u7ba1\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u5fc3\u5713\u67f1\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5713\u67f1\u9ad4\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u5f62\u72c0\u4e26\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u79fb\u52d5\u7d30\u80de\u5668\uff08\u7d30\u80de\u69cb\u4ef6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u7a31\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7a31\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ad4\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ad4\u7531\u7a31\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7c92\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u7d44\u7e54\u5fae\u7ba1\u4e26\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u5916\u69cb\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5354\u52a9\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6490\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u60a8\u9084\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u5947\u7279\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u69cb\u4ef6\u5747\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5167\u8cea\u7db2<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43402\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_97800924.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_97800924.jpg 500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_97800924-400x333.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7d30\u9577\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\uff08ER\uff09\u3002\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u662f\u7c97\u7cd9\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\uff0c\u5b83\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u8584\u819c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u9084\u9644\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u6bd4\u8f03\u7c97\u7cd9\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/qa\/protein\/\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u82b1\u4fcf\u7684\u540d\u7a31<\/a>\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u9032\u5165ER\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u52a0\u5de5\u4e26\u6e96\u5099\u91cb\u653e\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u5728\u91cb\u653e\u6642\u6703\u9032\u5165\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u5f9e\u7c97\u7cd9\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u4e2d\u812b\u843d\uff0c\u9019\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u56ca\u6ce1\u8f49\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u4e0d\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5730\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\u5230\u9054\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u8457\u5728\u7c97\u7cd9\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u4e0a\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u7531\u5c0f\u4e9e\u57fa\u548c\u5927\u4e9e\u57fa\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u5c0f\u4e9e\u57fa\u8ca0\u8cac\u8b80\u53d6\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08RNA\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u5c07\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u62fc\u88dd\u6210\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5927\u4e9e\u57fa\u5247\u8ca0\u8cac\u5be6\u969b\u62fc\u88dd\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u7684\u7e41\u91cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u662f\u5149\u9762\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5e36\u6709\u8584\u819c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u5916\u90e8\u6c92\u6709\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u300c\u5149\u9762\u300d\u7684\u7dbd\u865f\u3002\u5149\u9762\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u542b\u6709\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u591a\u80bd\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6cb9\u8102\u548c\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e26\u7834\u58de\u6bd2\u7d20\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/qa\/fat\/\">\u6cb9\u8102\u548c\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/a>\u90fd\u5728\u5149\u9762\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7d55\u5c0d\u64c1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u4e2d\u6700\u9177\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5305\u88dd\u53ca\u5132\u5b58\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u5bb9\u5668\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u65b7\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u56ca\u6ce1\u8f49\u904b\u5f9eER\u5411\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u8f38\u9001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u7576\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5728\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u9593\u901a\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9176\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u91cd\u6392\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u6dfb\u52a0\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f86\u751f\u6210\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u901a\u904e\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u5668\u5f8c\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6703\u88ab\u6263\u7559\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u7a31\u70ba\u5206\u6ccc\u56ca\u6ce1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u904b\u9001\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u4e0d\u6210\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u91cb\u653e\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6eb6\u9176\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u662f\u6eb6\u9176\u9ad4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u56ca\u6ce1\u5f9e\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u5668\u5b98\u812b\u843d\u4e26\u627f\u64d4\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5783\u573e\u904b\u8f38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6eb6\u9176\u9ad4\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u4e00\u5c64\u8584\u819c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u542b\u6709\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u9176\u53ef\u5438\u6536\u7d30\u80de\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u6216\u5c07\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u56de\u6536\u6216\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5783\u573e\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u5c0d\u4fdd\u8b77\u7d30\u80de\u514d\u53d7\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7d93\u904e\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u9ad4\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u4f48\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5404\u8655\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u9ad4\u5206\u89e3\u7570\u5e38\u6216\u6298\u758a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d30\u80de\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u6cdb\u7d20\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6703\u653e\u5728\u7531\u9176\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u9700\u9032\u884c\u56de\u6536\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e0a\u3002\u88ab\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u96a8\u5f8c\u6703\u88ab\u5438\u5165\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u89e3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u80bd\u9375\u6703\u65b7\u88c2\uff0c\u5269\u9918\u7684\u80bd\u934a\u548c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6703<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/autophagy-mitophagy-cellular-damage-control\/\">\u91cb\u653e\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u6536<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u7684\u5947\u7570\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9176\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u7684\u8a5e\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8907\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u8584\u819c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5f9eER\u812b\u843d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u8ca0\u8cac\u5206\u89e3\u9577\u93c8\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u751f\u6210\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u6c2b\u9019\u7a2e\u526f\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u6c2b\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5371\u96aa\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8207\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u8cea\u767c\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u9084\u651c\u5e36\u80fd\u5c07\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u6c2b\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u6c34\u548c\u6c27\u6c23\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5783\u573e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u9846\u8c46\u5b50\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\uff08\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8d85\u9ad8\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5c07\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u98df\u7269\u9846\u7c92\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\u6216ATP\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u901a\u300d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/cellular-energy-production\/\">ATP\u80fd\u5920\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u4f4d<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5167\u819c\u548c\u5916\u819c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u56e0\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b\u800c\u7570\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u8d8a\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u6709\u7684\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u809d\u81df\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u6578\u5343\u500b\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5728\u7d44\u6210\u808c\u8089\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6c27\u904b\u52d5\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u96e3\u602a\u60a8\u5982\u679c\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u5730\u904b\u52d5\u5c31\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u6838<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43413\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_101541401.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_101541401.jpg 500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/AdobeStock_101541401-400x355.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u5230\u9054\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5169\u500b\u8584\u819c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6838\u88ab\u819c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u88ab\u819c\u9023\u540c\u8584\u819c\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u5b54\u5305\u88f9\u4f4f\u6838\u8cea\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6838\u88ab\u819c\u8d77\u5230\u963b\u64cb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u5b54\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002\u6838\u8cea\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u9694\u6838\u819c\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6f3f\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u819c\u4e2d\u5206\u9694\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u6838\u4ec1\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u812b\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09\u3001RNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u6838\u4ec1\u662f\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5730\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u904e\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u60a8\u9084\u5728\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u60a8\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/genetics\/\">\u7d30\u80deDNA\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u7d50\u69cb<\/a>\u3002\u60a8\u60f3\u4f38\u624b\u6478\u4e00\u6478\uff0c\u5728\u60a8\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5b83\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u6478\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u60a8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u6478\u5230\u4e86\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u89f8\u6478\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u516c\u5893\u67d0\u8655\u5982\u8335\u7684\u8349\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u7167\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7e37\u967d\u5149\u7051\u5728\u525b\u767c\u82bd\u7684\u5ae9\u8349\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u9846\u8349\u7a2e\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u5230\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u967d\u5149\u7684\u6ecb\u990a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8301\u58ef\u5730\u5728\u65e9\u6668\u6dbc\u723d\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-18g5izb-56d4567bc1b555fcceb897ec2008f76e  avia-builder-el-0  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-wntw53-9c7e1e0a40454e9e35b1a84db8b399ef'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: \u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: \u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\">\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/ucmp.berkeley.edu\/history\/hooke.html\">https:\/\/ucmp.berkeley.edu\/history\/hooke.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/micro.magnet.fsu.edu\/primer\/museum\/hooke.html\">https:\/\/micro.magnet.fsu.edu\/primer\/museum\/hooke.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/166\/history-of-cell-biology\/\">https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/166\/history-of-cell-biology\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/teachthemicrobiome.weebly.com\/module-1-the-biology-of-microorganisms.html\">https:\/\/teachthemicrobiome.weebly.com\/module-1-the-biology-of-microorganisms.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cell_(biology)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cell_(biology)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mechanobio.info\/what-is-the-nucleus\/\">https:\/\/www.mechanobio.info\/what-is-the-nucleus\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk\/what-are-mitochondria\">http:\/\/www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk\/what-are-mitochondria<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bscb.org\/learning-resources\/softcell-e-learning\/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth\/\">https:\/\/bscb.org\/learning-resources\/softcell-e-learning\/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bscb.org\/learning-resources\/softcell-e-learning\/golgi-apparatus\/\">https:\/\/bscb.org\/learning-resources\/softcell-e-learning\/golgi-apparatus\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK9930\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK9930\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1665\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u6cf0\u59ec\u9675\u572812\u5e74\u524d\u5b8c\u5de5\uff1b\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u5c07\u770b\u898b\u860b\u679c\u5f9e\u6a39\u4e0a\u843d\u4e0b\u4e26\u53d7\u5230\u555f\u767c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u502b\u6566\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u517c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Robert Hooke\u5c07\u4e00\u7247\u8584\u6728\u7247\u653e\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u7684\u6a19\u672c\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5947\u7279\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 \u300c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u5168\u8eab\u4f48\u6eff\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u8702\u5de2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7d30\u5b54\u5448\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\u3002\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b54\u9699\uff0c\u6216\u7d30\u80de\u2026\u2026\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u6211\u898b\u904e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u898b\u904e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u7d30\u5b54\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5f9e\u672a\u898b\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u5b54\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u6216\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u300d Hooke\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\u662f\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4ed6\u5176\u5be6\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u53c3\u89c0\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4e2d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fee\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5920\u7cbe\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u3002\u76f4\u523013\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4eba\u8fd1\u8ddd\u96e2\u89aa\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u8377\u862d\u5546\u4eba\u517c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Antonie van Leeuwenhoek\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u9996\u6b21\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u539f\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u5fae\u578b\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u610f\u70ba\u300c\u5c0f\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u300d Hooke\u65e9\u5df2\u904e\u4e16\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u516c\u5893\u7684\u67d0\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u671d\u8457\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4eca\u7a31\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9818\u57df \u9081\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6bcf\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u7531\u66fe\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u5f97\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u523037.2\u842c\u5104\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u60a8\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b \u7d30\u80de\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u6c92\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002Leeuwenhoek\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u5c0f\u52d5\u7269\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7d44\u7a31\u70ba\u53e4\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5bb6\u65cf\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u539f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7a31\u70ba\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u8a8d\u8b58\u7d30\u80de \u4f46\u771f\u6838\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u8a2d\u60a8\u7e2e\u5c0f\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6838\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u60a8\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f \u60f3\u50cf\u60a8\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u60a8\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u9010\u6f38\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u7e2e\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u958b\u59cb\u805a\u7126\u4e00\u7d44\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfHooke\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u3002 \u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u4f86\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7d30\u80de\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u3002\u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u50cf\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u624b\u6307\u4e00\u6a23\u5411\u5916\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5c0d\u71df\u990a\u5438\u6536\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u6975\u5927\u5730\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u9ad4\u7a4d\u3002\u7e96\u6bdb\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5fae\u7d68\u6bdb\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8cea\u6cbf\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u63a8\u958b\u3002 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