{"id":18458,"date":"2018-04-09T10:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/?p=18458"},"modified":"2019-12-30T10:25:17","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T17:25:17","slug":"genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-18268\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-835x486.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-835x486.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-400x233.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-768x447.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-1500x874.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-705x411.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-450x262.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2>\u5b78\u7fd2\u8853\u8a9e<\/h2>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u904e\u50cf\u300cDNA\u300d\u548c\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u807d\u904e\u50cf\u300c\u8f49\u8b6f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u907a\u50b3\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7d1a\u7684\u300cSNP\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8868\u89c0\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u90a3\u592a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u60a8\u5df2\u7d93\u6703\u8b1b\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u8a31\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f86\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u5c0d\u60a8\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u60a8\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u6c34\u6e96\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8a5e\u5f59\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u91ab\u5b78\u548c\u71df\u990a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u60a8\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u66f4\u5f62\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56db\u7bc7\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u5f9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u95dc\u9375\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u5c07\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u9032\u5230\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u2014DNA\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u907a\u50b3\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u548c\u8840\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u300c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u8207\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u300d\u4f86\u7d50\u675f\u60a8\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u901f\u6210\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6bcf\u500b\u6708\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5e38\u898b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u60a8\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u60a8\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4e86\u89e326\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u907a\u50b3\u5c0d\u60a8\u9577\u76f8\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60a8\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u9577\u76f8\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u6703\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u907a\u50b3\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u4e9b\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8853\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80de\u5668\u2014\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u60a8\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u542b\u6709\u5f9e\u7236\u6bcd\u90a3\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6240\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u6216DNA\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6642\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u8907\u88fdDNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff1a<\/strong>\u6307\u6240\u6709\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u53bb\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08<u>d<\/u>eoxyribo<u>n<\/u>ucleic <u>a<\/u>cid\uff09\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\u3002DNA\u662f\u6240\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8f09\u9ad4\u3002\u60a8\u5f9e\u7236\u6bcd\u907a\u50b3\u7684DNA\uff0c\u7d93\u7d44\u88dd\u5f8c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9806\u5e8f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u60a8\u7684\u9577\u76f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u9e7c\u57fa\uff1a<\/strong>\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u53ef\u4e92\u63db\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u6307DNA\u548cRNA\u7684\u5404\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u4ef6\u3002DNA\u7531\u56db\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u9e7c\u57fa\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff1a\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff08<u>a<\/u>denine\uff09\uff0c\u9ce5\u560c\u5464\uff08<u>g<\/u>uanine\uff09\uff0c\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08<u>c<\/u>ytosine\uff09\u548c\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff08<u>t<\/u>hymine\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5728DNA\u4e2d\u5206\u5225\u88ab\u7c21\u7a31\u70baA\u3001G\u3001C\u3001T\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-18267\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-835x418.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-835x418.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-400x200.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-1500x750.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-705x353.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-450x225.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f9e\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u96d9\u80a1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u793aDNA\u662f\u7531\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u80a1\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u60f3\u6210\uff1a\u4e00\u80a1\u5f9e\u300cA\u5230Z\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u5247\u5f9e\u300cZ\u5230A\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5169\u500b\u80a1\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7d44\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u6c2b\u9375\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u50cf\u7c98\u6263\u5e36\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6642\u7d81\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c9\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c07\u53ea\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e92\u88dc\u6027\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u817a\u560c\u5464\u53ea\u8207\u9ce5\u560c\u5464\u914d\u5c0d\uff08\u9ce5\u560c\u5464\u4e5f\u53ea\u548c\u817a\u560c\u5464\u914d\u5c0d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u80de\u5627\u5576\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u914d\u5c0d\uff08\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u53ea\u8207\u80de\u5627\u5576\u914d\u5c0d\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9bA-G\u548cC-T\u7684\u914d\u5c0d\u7a31\u70ba\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u914d\u5c0d\u898f\u5247\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong> DNA\u88ab\u5305\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u5c07\u5927\u91cf\u7684DNA\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7d44\u7e54\u4e26\u4fdd\u8b77DNA\u3002\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5c11\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u5230\u5e7e\u767e\u500b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u904e10,000\u500b\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u670923\u5c0d\uff0c\u537346\u500b\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong>\u60a8\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5b50\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u77ed\u5c0f\u3001\u96e2\u6563\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u57fa\u56e0\u8996\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u5225\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002\u9019\u4e9bDNA\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6216\u9176\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u66f8\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u544a\u8a34\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u88dd\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u9069\u7576\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u7dad\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6216\u9176\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u670920,000\u81f325,000\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u5167\u6216\u57fa\u56e0\u5468\u570d\u7684\u67d0\u8655\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u8655\uff09\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u6253\u958b\u6216\u95dc\u9589\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7279\u6b8aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u60f3\u50cf\u96fb\u71c8\u958b\u95dc\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u76f4\u958b\u555f\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7522\u7269\uff08\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6216\u9176\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u4f4e\u800c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u904e\u7a0b\u2014\u5206\u5225\u8b80\u53d6\u57fa\u56e0\u7136\u5f8c\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba\u8f49\u9304\u548c\u8f49\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f49\u9304\uff1a<\/strong>\u7d30\u80de\u8b80\u53d6\u57fa\u56e0\u5167\u6240\u542b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u8a72\u4fe1\u606f\u6703\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\u5230RNA\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u767c\u9001\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>RNA<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08<u>r<\/u>ibo<u>n<\/u>ucleic <u>a<\/u>cid\uff09\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u8207DNA\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002RNA\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u4f7f\u3002\u5b83\u5c07\u5305\u542b\u5728DNA\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u7247\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1bRNA\u7279\u5225\u80fd\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u55ae\u4f4d\u2014\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u9176\u3002RNA\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u7a31\u70ba\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>RNA\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u4e09\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u9e7c\u57fa\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u3002RNA\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u7d44\u88dd\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u93c8\u2014\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u9176\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8f49\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f49\u8b6f\uff1a<\/strong>\u7d30\u80de\u5c07RNA\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6216\u9176\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u9176\uff1a<\/strong>\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4e92\u63db\u5730\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5404\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u6298\u758a\u8d77\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u7a31\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6216\u9176\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7522\u7269\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9176\u90fd\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u90fd\u662f\u9176\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6163\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u975c\u614b\u6216\u7d50\u69cb\u6642\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u5b83\u7a31\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u800c\u300c\u9176\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5247\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u52d5\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff08\u5982\u5c07\u98df\u7269\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u9176\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u8907\u88fd\uff1a<\/strong>\u8907\u88fd\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540cDNA\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u7576\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8907\u88fd\u5176DNA\u3002\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50cf\u7c98\u6263\u5e36\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6c2b\u9375\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u525d\u96e2\u3002\u4e00\u80a1\u7559\u5728\u820a\u7d30\u80de\u5167\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u5247\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9e7c\u57fa\u914d\u5c0d\u898f\u5247\uff08\u53ea\u80fdA-G\u548cC-T\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5c0d\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u80a1\u3002\u9019\u6700\u7d42\u4f7fDNA\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u70ba\u96d9\u80a1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u8457\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u91cd\u8907\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u907a\u50b3\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c07\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u7d66\u5e74\u8f15\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u73fe\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u65bc\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u8eab\u9ad4\u6027\u72c0\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u60a8\u7684\u9577\u76f8\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong>\u7576\u986f\u6027\u548c\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u7af6\u722d\u8868\u9054\u6642\uff0c\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u6703\u52dd\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u7236\u6bcd\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u68d5\u8272\u773c\u775b\uff08\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u85cd\u773c\u775b\uff08\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u773c\u775b\u2014\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u52dd\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5247\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u4e0d\u8868\u9054\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u90fd\u6709\u5169\u500b\u62f7\u8c9d\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u5169\u500b\u62f7\u8c9d\u90fd\u662f\u96b1\u6027\u7684\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u96b1\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u7576\u5f9e\u7236\u6bcd\u7372\u5f97\u85cd\u773c\u775b\u7684\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u62f7\u8c9d\u6642\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u85cd\u773c\u775b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u500d\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong>\u6307\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6216DNA\u914d\u5c0d\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u500d\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e8c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5169\u500b\u300d\u3002\u7576\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u4e8c\u500d\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5176DNA\u7684\u5169\u500b\u62f7\u8c9d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38DNA\u662f\u96d9\u93c8\u7684\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u8655\u65bc\u4e8c\u500d\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u7684DNA\u624d\u80fd\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8907\u88fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u55ae\u500d\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong>\u300c\u55ae\u300d\u662f\u6307\u300c\u4e00\u534a\u300d\u3002\u7576\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u55ae\u500d\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u7684DNA\u62f7\u8c9d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u6216\u4e00\u500b\uff09\u3002\u55ae\u500d\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u6703\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u5375\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u7cbe\u5b50\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u5375\u7d30\u80de\u878d\u5408\uff08\u53d7\u7cbe\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u534a\u62f7\u8c9dDNA\u5373\u91cd\u7d44\u6210\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u9ad4\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7d30\u80de\u8b8a\u6210\u4e8c\u500d\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u6210\u9577\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u89c0\u907a\u50b3\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u60a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u98feDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u7d44\u7e54DNA\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u555f\u6216\u95dc\u9589\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u6975\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u9019\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u5bc6\u78bc\uff08\u8868\u89c0\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u8abf\u63a7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u60a8\u7684\u8868\u89c0\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u7e7c\u627f\u7684\uff1b\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u60a8\u7236\u6bcd \uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\uff09\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u60a8\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u60a8\u904e\u8457\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u60a8\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8868\u89c0\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5c0d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u597d\u6216\u58de\uff09\u8ca0\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7cbe\u7626\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u7cbe\u7626\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u60a3\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u7f79\u60a3\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a81\u8b8a\uff1a<\/strong>\u539f\u59cbDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u9019\u6703\u901a\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u800c\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684DNA\u8907\u88fd\u4ee5\u53caDNA\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7834\u58de\/\u640d\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u7a81\u8b8a\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u6240\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\/\u9176\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7a81\u8b8a\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u8f15\u91cd\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5f9e\u6c92\u6709\u6548\u679c\u5230\u6709\u76ca\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5230\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u7a31\u5b83\u70ba\u6c89\u9ed8\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u8ce6\u4e88\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u6539\u5584\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9032\u5316\u6216\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7a81\u8b8a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u539f\u59cbDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5c0d\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u56b4\u91cd\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u767c\u751f\u8ca0\u6027\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5247\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u986f\u8457\u5f71\u97ff\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b58\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8ca0\u7a81\u8b8a\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u764c\u75c7\uff1a<\/strong>\u7531\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u7d93\u7531\u56b4\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\uff1b\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7a81\u8b8a\u3001\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u640d\u50b7\u7b49\u800c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u90fd\u662f\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u5c0e\u81f4\u7570\u5e38\u7d30\u80de\u7a4d\u805a\u6210\u7a31\u70ba\u816b\u7624\u7684\u751f\u9577\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u7a2e\u816b\u7624\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u5668\u5b98\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u5c31\u6703\u6162\u6162\u5931\u53bb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>SNP<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u55ae\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u591a\u578b\u6027\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u55ae\u500bDNA\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5SNP\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6c89\u9ed8\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u5c0e\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576SNP\u767c\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u3002SNP\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc\u5e6b\u52a9\u8a3a\u65b7\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u78ba\u5b9a\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>DNA\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8b58<\/h2>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7cfb\u5217\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u932f\u904e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8acb\u5148\u95b1\u8b80\u907a\u50b3\u5b78<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hant\/genetics\/#i\">\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u2014\u5b78\u7fd2\u8853\u8a9e<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9032\u5165\u672c\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e0b\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e4b\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u91cd\u8981\u8a5e\u5f59\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u65e2\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u7570\u5e38\u5730\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u958b\u59cb\u5427\uff1f\u6839\u64da\u97cb\u6c0f\u8a5e\u5178\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u662f\u300c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u9580\u5206\u652f\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u548c\u8b8a\u7570\u300d\u548c\u300c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u985e\u578b\u3001\u7fa4\u7d44\u3001\u6216\u689d\u4ef6\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f7f\u60a8\u8b8a\u5f97\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u53c8\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u611f\u8b1dDNA\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u542b\u6709DNA\u3002\u7d30\u83cc\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u9ce5\u6210\u70ba\u9ce5\uff0c\u60a8\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u65bcDNA\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u8a0a\u606f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70baDNA\u662f\u6d41\u9ad4\u3001\u662f\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975c\u614b\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5f9e\u77f3\u5668\u9084\u662f\u5f9e\u53e4\u8001\u9ab8\u9aa8\u5167\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\u5230DNA\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u5f8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u601d\u8003\uff0cDNA\u5c31\u50cf\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u85cd\u5716\u3002\u85cd\u5716\u80fd\u50b3\u9054\u5f88\u591a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u8070\u660e\u800c\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5718\u968a\u4f86\u5efa\u9020\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\u3002\u8981\u6709\u80fd\u95b1\u8b80\u85cd\u5716\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u6709\u6307\u5c0e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u982d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u6771\u897f\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DNA\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u8a0a\u606f\u548c\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u4eab\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07DNA\u8996\u70ba\u60a8\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u85cd\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20262\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-400x267.jpeg\" alt=\"science, research and genetics concept - young scientist in safety glasses, face mask with test tube and virtual projection of dna molecule\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-835x557.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-1500x1000.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-705x470.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-450x300.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>DNA\u662f\u60a8\u9ad4\u5167\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e26\u975e\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\uff0cDNA\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\uff08\u96d9\u93c8\uff09\u5206\u5b50\u5f62\u614b\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u90a3\u662f<em>\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38<\/em>\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4eba\u985eDNA\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u572820\u5104\u523030\u5104\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u53d6\u51faDNA\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u5c07\u5b83\u4f38\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u5c07\u662f3\u81f36\u544e\uff081\u81f32\u516c\u5c3a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u660eDNA\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u7e3d\u8cea\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u62ff\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u9e7c\u57fa\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u91cd\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee52\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u96d9\u93c8\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4e58\u4ee520\u523030\u5104\uff08DNA\u7684\u7e3d\u9577\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u9084\u6c92\u5b8c\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\u518d\u5c07\u5b83\u4e58\u4ee5\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff08\u6216\u5177\u6709\u6838\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff09\u7684\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167DNA\u7684\u7e3d\u8cea\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u7e3d\u6578\u986f\u793a\u60a8\u9ad4\u5167\u7684DNA\u5927\u7d04\u57285\u514b\uff080.2\u76ce\u53f8\u6216\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u5f35\u7d19\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u81f350\u514b\uff081.8\u76ce\u53f8\u6216\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u500b\u96de\u86cb\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5145\u6eff\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u7684DNA\u7684\u7dca\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u653e\u9032\u5982\u6b64\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6771\u897f\u88e1\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6392\u5217<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u60a8\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u7531\u6578\u842c\u5104\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff08\u6e96\u78ba\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u7d04\u670950\u842c\u5104\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8840\u7403\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7d04\u670975%\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u5c31\u662f\u60a8\u7684DNA\u2014\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b<em>\u5b8c\u5168<\/em>\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0cDNA\u90fd\u6703\u7dca\u5bc6\u6253\u7d50\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u7e8f\u7e5e\u6298\u758a\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u9019DNA\u7d50\u4ecd\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u5b83\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\u5b83\u80fd\u88ab\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u89e3\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u5c0dDNA\u6240\u542b\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\u4f86\u4fee\u98fe\u5b83\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5e6b\u52a9\u6574\u7406DNA\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u806f\u5408\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5247\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8868\u89c0\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u89c0\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5c31\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406DNA\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u6253\u958b\u6216\u95dc\u9589\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u70ba\u6bcf\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4f46\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u6703\u958b\u555f\u5176\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u9589\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684DNA\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8166\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u958b\u555f\u8166\u7d30\u80deDNA\uff0c\u809d\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u958b\u555f\u809d\u7d30\u80deDNA\uff0c\u76ae\u819a\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u958b\u555f\u76ae\u819a\u7d30\u80de\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u985e\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u6307\u793a\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0cDNA\u5982\u4f55\u544a\u8a34\u7d30\u80de\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>DNA\u7531\u56db\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9e7c\u57fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff08<u>a<\/u>denine\uff09\u3001\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff08<u>t<\/u>hymine\uff09\u3001\u9ce5\u560c\u5464\uff08<u>g<\/u>uanine\uff09\u548c\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08<u>c<\/u>ytosine\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7e2e\u5beb\u70baA\u3001T\u3001G\u3001C\u3002\u9019\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b9a\u5606\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u9019\u56db\u500bDNA\u9e7c\u57fa\u53cd\u8986\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u91cd\u8907\u8457\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u7368\u7279\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9e7c\u57fa\uff08A\u3001T\u3001G\u3001C\uff09\u5c0d\u60a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ca0\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8cac\u4efb\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u60a8\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u5916\u8868\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u60a8\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u806f\u60f3\u3002\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\u5b57\u6bcd\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5b57\u6bcd\u88ab\u7d44\u6210\u6587\u5b57\u3002DNA\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u300cDNA\u5b57\u6bcd\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u500bA\u3001T\u3001G\u3001C\u3002\u7576\u9019\u56db\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c07\u7d30\u80de\u7d50\u5408\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9176\uff08\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u300cDNA\u5b57\u5178\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u6216\u9e7c\u57fa\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u8b80\u53d6\u6bcf\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u5c07\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff08\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u7269\u8cea\uff09\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff1b\u5b83\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u300c\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u505c\u6b62\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u53ea\u9700\u8981500\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c31\u80fd\u50b3\u9054\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5247\u53ef\u591a\u9054220\u842c\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002\u5728500\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u7522\u751f\u5177\u6709\u7d04166\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7d0455\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u800c220\u842c\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u9577\u5ea6\u5c07\u6709733,333\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u5177\u6709\u7d04244,444\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u8907\u5408\u86cb\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u662f<\/strong><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u793a\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70baDNA\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0cDNA\u4e2d\u6709\u555f\u52d5\u4fe1\u865f\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u555f\u52d5\u4fe1\u865f\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u865f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6574\u500bDNA\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u7d0425,000\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u6709100,000\u5230\u8d85\u904e1,000,000\u500b\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u5b57\u5f88\u96e3\u6e4a\u5f97\u5c0d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u80fd\u70ba\u5c11\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u9054100\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7de8\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>RNA<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff1a\u8f49\u9304\u548c\u8f49\u8b6f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6b64\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u4ee3\u78bc\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5916\u570b\u8a9e\u6587\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u8b80\u53d6DNA\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u7528\u4f86\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u7a31\u70ba\u8f49\u9304\u548c\u8f49\u8b6f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u985e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u63aa\u8fad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8b80\u53d6\u5b83\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u5230\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9806\u5e8f\u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff1a1\uff09DNA\uff0c2\uff09RNA\uff0c\u548c3\uff09\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0cDNA\u662f\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u7684\u975c\u614b\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u7d30\u80de\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5916\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u8a0a\u606f\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u96e2\u958b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207DNA\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7a31\u70baRNA\uff08\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9176\uff08\u7a31\u70baRNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\uff09\u6703\u6383\u63cfDNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u300c\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u300d\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u6307\u51fa\u8a72\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u7a2e\u9176\u6cbf\u8457DNA\u6383\u63cf\u4e26\u5c07DNA\u8a0a\u606f\u8f49\u9304\u6210RNA\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8f49\u9304\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u7a2e\u9176\u4f86\u5230\u300c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u505c\u6b62\u300d\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u505c\u6b62\u88fd\u9020RNA\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u88fd\u9020\u6210\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u6703\u96e2\u958b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff0c\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u8b80\u53d6RNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4e26\u5c07\u8a72\u8a0a\u606f\u8f49\u8b6f\u6210\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff08\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff09\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u5feb\u901f\u8b80\u53d6RNA\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u4fe1\u865f\u7d66\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u7d30\u80de\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8981\u628a\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50T-T-A\u662f\u4eae\u80fa\u9178\u7684\u300c\u5b57\u300d\uff1b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50A-G-A\u7de8\u78bc\u7cbe\u80fa\u9178\uff1b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50G-C-G\u8868\u793a\u4e19\u80fa\u9178\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7522\u751f\u8eab\u9ad4\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u9176\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20260\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-398x400.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"398\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-398x400.png 398w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-450x453.png 450w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table.png 652w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u93c8\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u9577\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u6298\u758a\u6210\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u52a0\u5165\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c31\u5f9e\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u6703\u91cb\u51faRNA\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e26\u627e\u5c0b\u53e6\u4e00\u500bRNA\u5206\u5b50\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8f49\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u60a8\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u56e0\u8ddf\u9999\u8549\u76f8\u540c<\/h3>\n<p>\u81ea2003\u5e74\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u6e2c\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u7684\u6574\u500b\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u6700\u521d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4eba\u985eDNA\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u904e\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u904e\u5df2\u7d93\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u8b80\u53d6\u6211\u5011\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u4f86\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ddf\u60a8\u7684\u6307\u7d0b\u4e00\u6a23\u7368\u7279\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u50cf\u6307\u7d0b\u7121\u6cd5\u6307\u51fa\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u6216\u9ad4\u91cd\uff08\u6216\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cDNA\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-20258\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-835x168.jpeg\" alt=\"diversity, race, ethnicity and people concept - international group of happy smiling men and women over white\" width=\"835\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-835x168.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-400x80.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-768x155.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-1500x302.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-705x142.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-450x91.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" 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