{"id":55847,"date":"2022-03-08T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T19:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/?p=55847"},"modified":"2022-07-18T12:02:12","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T18:02:12","slug":"pandemic-epidemic-endemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hans\/pandemic-epidemic-endemic\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u672f\u8bed\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u5dee\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pandemic<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e 2019 \u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u591a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u201d\u7b49\u8bcd\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9664\u975e\u60a8\u5728\u533b\u7597\u804c\u573a\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e38\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u6216\u65e5\u5e38\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u542c\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u201c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u201d \u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5398\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u75be\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\uff1a\u75be\u75c5\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u533b\u7597\u79d1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6240\u8ba2\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u8d23\u5927\u4efb\u6258\u4ed8\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2<\/a>\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u542c\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u662f\u5bf9\u5371\u5bb3\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u673a\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4fa6\u63a2\u8c03\u67e5\u72af\u7f6a\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u8c01\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u6700\u4f73\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u9632\u6b62\u75be\u75c5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u540c\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e0\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u75ab\u60c5\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u6f14\u53d8\u53ca\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u65e5\u591c\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u60a8\u542c\u5230\u4fdd\u6301\u516d\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u4e86\u89e3\u4f55\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u60a8\u5728 2019 \u5e74\u5e95\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u542c\u5230\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u80ba\u708e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b66\u6c49\u5e02\u7684\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u533a\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u8de8\u8d8a\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u56fd\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u53e3\u6216\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4e14\u672a\u9884\u8b66\u5730\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u6563\u64ad\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u82b1\u3001\u9ebb\u75b9\u548c\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc5\u901f\u8de8\u8d8a\u56fd\u754c\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u9996\u5168\u7403<\/em>\uff08pan-;pandemic\uff09\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5168\u7f8e\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u90fd\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5168\u7403\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u7206\u53d1\u7136\u540e\u6d88\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u75c5\u4f8b\u6025\u907d\u6fc0\u589e\u5e76\u4ece\u539f\u53d1\u56fd\u6269\u6563\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7 (WHO) \u4e8e 2020 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4e3a\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f20\u64ad\u5230 100 \u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u662f 2009 \u5e74\u7684 H1N1 \u6d41\u611f\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u53d8\u6210\u5730\u65b9\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75c7\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75ab\u82d7\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u81ea 1979 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u4f1a\u51cf\u7f13\u6563\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4eba\u4ece\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u75ab\u82d7\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u514d\u75ab\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u75be\u75c5\u66f4\u96be\u50cf\u5f00\u59cb\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u5feb\u901f\u6563\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5c31\u9000\u51cf\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u8981\u5206\u8fa8\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u8054\u60f3\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u201d\uff08end-; endemic\uff09\u6240\u6307\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6307\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\u8fc8\u5411\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u759f\u75be\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u70ed\u5e26\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u5f53\u5b83\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u7206\u53d1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u50cf\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff1a\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5730\u65b9\u75c5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u50cf\u6d41\u611f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b63\u8282\u75c5\u4f8b\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u75be\u75c5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4f1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u2014\u2014\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u6765\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/csels\/dsepd\/ss1978\/lesson1\/section11.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/careerpaths\/k12teacherroadmap\/epidemiology.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/careerpaths\/k12teacherroadmap\/epidemiologists.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/when-is-pandemic-over-viral-questions-2c47fdd7611411a418a7ea18a61f5d1c<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/intermountainhealthcare.org\/blogs\/topics\/live-well\/2020\/04\/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-and-an-outbreak\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.publichealth.columbia.edu\/public-health-now\/news\/epidemic-endemic-pandemic-what-are-differences<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/features\/what-will-it-be-like-when-covid-19-becomes-endemic\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/time.com\/5791661\/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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