{"id":18457,"date":"2018-04-09T10:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/?p=18457"},"modified":"2019-12-30T10:25:16","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T17:25:16","slug":"genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hans\/genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-18268\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-835x486.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-835x486.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-400x233.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-768x447.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-1500x874.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-705x411.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_61522862-e1522853088692-450x262.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2>\u5b66\u4e60\u672f\u8bed<\/h2>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u542c\u8fc7\u50cf\u300cDNA\u300d\u548c\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u542c\u8fc7\u50cf\u300c\u8f6c\u8bd1\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9057\u4f20\u300d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7ea7\u7684\u300cSNP\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u90a3\u592a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f1a\u8bb2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5bf9\u60a8\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u60a8\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u6c34\u5e73\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8bcd\u6c47\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u8425\u517b\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u60a8\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56db\u8bfe\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u4ece\u5b66\u4e60\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u8fdb\u5230\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u2014DNA\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u300c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0e\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u300d\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u60a8\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u901f\u6210\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u60a8\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u60a8\u662f\u8c01\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4e86\u89e326\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u9057\u4f20\u5bf9\u60a8\u957f\u76f8\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u60a8\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u76f8\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9057\u4f20\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u60a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80de\u5668\u2014\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u60a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u542b\u6709\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6216DNA\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u590d\u5236DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff1a<\/strong>\u6307\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08<u>d<\/u>eoxyribo<u>n<\/u>ucleic 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src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-835x418.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-835x418.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-400x200.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-1500x750.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-705x353.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/AdobeStock_13691276-e1522853050625-450x225.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u80a1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793aDNA\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u80a1\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u60f3\u6210\uff1a\u4e00\u80a1\u4ece\u300cA\u5230Z\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u5219\u4ece\u300cZ\u5230A\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u80a1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c22\u952e\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u50cf\u7c98\u6263\u5e26\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c9\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u5c06\u53ea\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u817a\u560c\u5464\u53ea\u4e0e\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\u914d\u5bf9\uff08\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\u4e5f\u53ea\u548c\u817a\u560c\u5464\u914d\u5bf9\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u80de\u5627\u5576\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u914d\u5bf9\uff08\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u53ea\u4e0e\u80de\u5627\u5576\u914d\u5bf9\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bA-G\u548cC-T\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e3a\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong>DNA\u88ab\u5305\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684DNA\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4DNA\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5c11\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc710,000\u4e2a\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u670923\u5bf9\uff0c\u537346\u4e2a\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong>\u60a8\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5b50\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5c0f\u3001\u79bb\u6563\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u57fa\u56e0\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bDNA\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u9176\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u544a\u8bc9\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u88c5\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u9176\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u670920,000\u81f325,000\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u5185\u6216\u57fa\u56e0\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u67d0\u5904\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\uff09\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7279\u6b8aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u60f3\u8c61\u7535\u706f\u5f00\u5173\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u76f4\u5f00\u542f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea7\u7269\uff08\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u9176\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4f4e\u800c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u5206\u522b\u8bfb\u53d6\u57fa\u56e0\u7136\u540e\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u8f6c\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f6c\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong>\u7ec6\u80de\u8bfb\u53d6\u57fa\u56e0\u5185\u6240\u542b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230RNA\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>RNA<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08<u>r<\/u>ibo<u>n<\/u>ucleic <u>a<\/u>cid\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u4e0eDNA\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002RNA\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u4f7f\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u5728DNA\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u7247\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1bRNA\u7279\u522b\u80fd\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u2014\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u9176\u3002RNA\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u78b1\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>RNA\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u78b1\u57fa\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\/\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002RNA\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u7ec4\u88c5\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u2014\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u9176\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f6c\u8bd1\uff1a<\/strong>\u7ec6\u80de\u5c06RNA\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u9176\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8d28<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u9176\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u5730\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u8054\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5404\u4e2a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u6298\u8fed\u8d77\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u9176\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9176\u90fd\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u9176\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u9759\u6001\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u800c\u300c\u9176\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u98df\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u9176\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u590d\u5236\uff1a<\/strong>\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540cDNA\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u590d\u5236\u5176DNA\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u50cf\u7c98\u6263\u5e26\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5265\u79bb\u3002\u4e00\u80a1\u7559\u5728\u65e7\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u5219\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u78b1\u57fa\u914d\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u53ea\u80fdA-G\u548cC-T\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5bf9\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u80a1\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7fDNA\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u53cc\u80a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9057\u4f20\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c06\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u7ed9\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u73b0\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u8eab\u4f53\u6027\u72b6\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u60a8\u7684\u957f\u76f8\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u663e\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f53\u663e\u6027\u548c\u9690\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u7ade\u4e89\u8868\u8fbe\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u4f1a\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7236\u6bcd\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u68d5\u8272\u773c\u775b\uff08\u663e\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u84dd\u773c\u775b\uff08\u9690\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u773c\u775b\u2014\u663e\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u80dc\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9690\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u663e\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u9690\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u4e0d\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\u90fd\u662f\u9690\u6027\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u9690\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5f53\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u83b7\u5f97\u84dd\u773c\u775b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u62f7\u8d1d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u84dd\u773c\u775b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u500d\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong>\u6307\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6216DNA\u914d\u5bf9\u6570\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u500d\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e8c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4e24\u4e2a\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u4e8c\u500d\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5176DNA\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u5e38DNA\u662f\u53cc\u94fe\u7684\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8c\u500d\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684DNA\u624d\u80fd\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u500d\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong>\u300c\u5355\u300d\u662f\u6307\u300c\u4e00\u534a\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5355\u500d\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684DNA\u62f7\u8d1d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u5355\u500d\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u53ea\u4f1a\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u7ec6\u80de\u5982\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u5375\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u7cbe\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5375\u7ec6\u80de\u878d\u5408\uff08\u53d7\u7cbe\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u62f7\u8d1dDNA\u5373\u91cd\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u4f53\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec6\u80de\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u500d\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u957f\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u60a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u9970DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7ec4\u7ec7DNA\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u996e\u98df\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u60a8\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u60a8\u7236\u6bcd \uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\uff09\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u60a8\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u60a8\u8fc7\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u60a8\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u597d\u6216\u574f\uff09\u8d1f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7cbe\u7626\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u7cbe\u7626\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u60a3\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u7f79\u60a3\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a81\u53d8\uff1a<\/strong>\u539f\u59cbDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684DNA\u590d\u5236\u4ee5\u53caDNA\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7834\u574f\/\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6240\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\/\u9176\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7a81\u53d8\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u8f7b\u91cd\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\u5230\u6709\u76ca\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5230\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3a\u6c89\u9ed8\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u8d4b\u4e88\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6539\u5584\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7a81\u53d8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u539f\u59cbDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u8d1f\u6027\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d1f\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u764c\u75c7\uff1a<\/strong>\u7531\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e72\u6270\uff1b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7a81\u53d8\u3001\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u635f\u4f24\u7b49\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7a81\u53d8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u90fd\u662f\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec6\u80de\u79ef\u805a\u6210\u79f0\u4e3a\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u751f\u957f\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80bf\u7624\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5668\u5b98\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u5c31\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5931\u53bb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>SNP<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u5355\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u591a\u578b\u6027\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u5355\u4e2aDNA\u78b1\u57fa\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5SNP\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6c89\u9ed8\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u5bfc\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53SNP\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u3002SNP\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u786e\u5b9a\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>DNA\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7cfb\u5217\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/zh-hans\/genetics\/#i\">\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u2014\u5b66\u4e60\u672f\u8bed<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u672c\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e0b\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u91cd\u8981\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u65e2\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5f02\u5e38\u5730\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u97e6\u6c0f\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u662f\u300c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u53d8\u5f02\u300d\u548c\u300c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6784\u6210\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u60a8\u53d8\u5f97\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53c8\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u611f\u8c22DNA\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u4f53\u90fd\u542b\u6709DNA\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u9e1f\u6210\u4e3a\u9e1f\uff0c\u60a8\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8eDNA\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u8baf\u606f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aDNA\u662f\u6d41\u4f53\u3001\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cDNA\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u77f3\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u53e4\u8001\u9ab8\u9aa8\u5185\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\u5230DNA\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u601d\u8003\uff0cDNA\u5c31\u50cf\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u84dd\u56fe\u80fd\u4f20\u8fbe\u5f88\u591a\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u806a\u660e\u800c\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2\u961f\u6765\u5efa\u9020\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u8981\u6709\u80fd\u9605\u8bfb\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DNA\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u8baf\u606f\u548c\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u4eab\u6240\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06DNA\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a8\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20262\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-400x267.jpeg\" alt=\"science, research and genetics concept - young scientist in safety glasses, face mask with test tube and virtual projection of dna molecule\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-835x557.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-1500x1000.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-705x470.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Genetics-AdobeStock_159464915-450x300.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>DNA\u662f\u60a8\u4f53\u5185\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\uff0cDNA\u4ee5\u5355\u4e00\uff08\u53cc\u94fe\uff09\u5206\u5b50\u5f62\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u90a3\u662f<em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38<\/em>\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u572820\u4ebf\u523030\u4ebf\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u53d6\u51faDNA\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u5c06\u5b83\u4f38\u5c55\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c06\u662f3\u81f36\u544e\uff081\u81f32\u516c\u5c3a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u660eDNA\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u62ff\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u91cd\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee52\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u53cc\u94fe\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e58\u4ee520\u523030\u4ebf\uff08DNA\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5b8c\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u518d\u5c06\u5b83\u4e58\u4ee5\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff08\u6216\u5177\u6709\u6838\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff09\u7684\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u5185DNA\u7684\u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u603b\u6570\u663e\u793a\u60a8\u4f53\u5185\u7684DNA\u5927\u7ea6\u57285\u514b\uff080.2\u76ce\u53f8\u6216\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u81f350\u514b\uff081.8\u76ce\u53f8\u6216\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e21\u86cb\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5145\u6ee1\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684DNA\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u653e\u8fdb\u5982\u6b64\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u5217<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u60a8\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff08\u51c6\u786e\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u7ea6\u670950\u4e07\u4ebf\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8840\u7403\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7ea6\u670975%\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u5c31\u662f\u60a8\u7684DNA\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u5b8c\u5168<\/em>\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0cDNA\u90fd\u4f1a\u7d27\u5bc6\u6253\u7ed3\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u7f20\u7ed5\u6298\u8fed\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9DNA\u7ed3\u4ecd\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u5b83\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u65f6\u5b83\u80fd\u88ab\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u89e3\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9DNA\u6240\u542b\u8baf\u606f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u6574\u7406DNA\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8054\u5408\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5219\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5c31\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406DNA\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u80de\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f00\u542f\u5176\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684DNA\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684DNA\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8111\u7ec6\u80de\u53ea\u5f00\u542f\u8111\u7ec6\u80deDNA\uff0c\u809d\u7ec6\u80de\u53ea\u5f00\u542f\u809d\u7ec6\u80deDNA\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u7ec6\u80de\u53ea\u5f00\u542f\u76ae\u80a4\u7ec6\u80de\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u6307\u793a\u7ec6\u80de\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cDNA\u5982\u4f55\u544a\u8bc9\u7ec6\u80de\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>DNA\u7531\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u79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4e3a\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u8f6c\u8bd1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u770b\u7ec6\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b83\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u5230\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff1a1\uff09DNA\uff0c2\uff09RNA\uff0c\u548c3\uff09\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0cDNA\u662f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u7ec6\u80de\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5916\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8baf\u606f\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0eDNA\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u79f0\u4e3aRNA\uff08\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9176\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aRNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\uff09\u4f1a\u626b\u63cfDNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u300c\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u300d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u79cd\u9176\u6cbf\u7740DNA\u626b\u63cf\u5e76\u5c06DNA\u8baf\u606f\u8f6c\u5f55\u6210RNA\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8f6c\u5f55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u79cd\u9176\u6765\u5230\u300c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u505c\u6b62\u300d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u5236\u9020RNA\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5236\u9020\u6210\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u6838\u91a3\u4f53\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6RNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u8baf\u606f\u8f6c\u8bd1\u6210\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff08\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff09\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6838\u91a3\u4f53\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u5feb\u901f\u8bfb\u53d6RNA\u8baf\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u7ec6\u80de\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u628a\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50T-T-A\u662f\u4eae\u80fa\u9178\u7684\u300c\u5b57\u300d\uff1b\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50A-G-A\u7f16\u7801\u7cbe\u80fa\u9178\uff1b\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50G-C-G\u8868\u793a\u4e19\u80fa\u9178\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u8eab\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u9176\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20260\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-398x400.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"398\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-398x400.png 398w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table-450x453.png 450w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Codons_aminoacids_table.png 652w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u6298\u8fed\u6210\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u52a0\u5165\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5c31\u4ece\u6838\u91a3\u4f53\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6838\u91a3\u4f53\u4f1a\u91ca\u51faRNA\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5bfb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aRNA\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u60a8\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u56e0\u8ddf\u9999\u8549\u76f8\u540c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u81ea2003\u5e74\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fc7\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u533a\u522b\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ddf\u60a8\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u4e00\u6837\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u50cf\u6307\u7eb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u6307\u51fa\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u6216\u4f53\u91cd\uff08\u6216\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\uff09\u4e00\u6837\uff0cDNA\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-20258\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-835x168.jpeg\" alt=\"diversity, race, ethnicity and people concept - international group of happy smiling men and women over white\" width=\"835\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-835x168.jpeg 835w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-400x80.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-768x155.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-1500x302.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-705x142.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Diverse-group-of-people-AdobeStock_132359696-450x91.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" 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