{"id":51720,"date":"2017-04-27T10:58:10","date_gmt":"2017-04-27T16:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/qa\/adrenal-glands\/"},"modified":"2022-07-05T10:25:39","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T16:25:39","slug":"adrenal-glands","status":"publish","type":"qa","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/fr\/qa\/adrenal-glands\/","title":{"rendered":"Les glandes surr\u00e9nales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-51703\" src=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AdobeStock_282269390.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"833\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AdobeStock_282269390.jpeg 833w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AdobeStock_282269390-400x242.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AdobeStock_282269390-768x464.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AdobeStock_282269390-705x426.jpeg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On associe souvent les glandes surr\u00e9nales au stress et avec raison. Si on le fait, c&#8217;est \u00e0 cause de leur r\u00f4le dans la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de l\u2019adr\u00e9naline (\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine), l\u2019hormone qui permet \u00e0 l\u2019organisme de r\u00e9agir dans une situation de stress. Autrement dit, la r\u00e9action de lutte ou de fuite.<\/p>\n<p>Pourtant, ce n\u2019est pas leur r\u00f4le principal, car elles s\u2019occupent avant tout de s\u00e9cr\u00e9ter les hormones essentielles \u00e0 la vie.<\/p>\n<p>Chacune des glandes surr\u00e9nales est constitu\u00e9e de deux structures distinctes \u2013 la partie ext\u00e9rieure s&#8217;appelle le cortex surr\u00e9nal et la r\u00e9gion interne, la m\u00e9dulla surr\u00e9nale.<\/p>\n<p>Le cortex surr\u00e9nal s\u00e9cr\u00e8te trois types d\u2019hormones essentielles \u00e0 la vie : les min\u00e9ralocortico\u00efdes, qui sont r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par l\u2019hypothalamus, et les glandes pituitaires dans le cerveau; les glucocortico\u00efdes qui sont r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par des signaux provenant des reins; et enfin, certaines hormones sexuelles (la plupart \u00e9tant produites par les ovaires et les testicules).<\/p>\n<p>Les glucocortico\u00efdes lib\u00e9r\u00e9s par le cortex surr\u00e9nal comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019hydrocortisone : couramment appel\u00e9e cortisol, cette hormone r\u00e9gule la fa\u00e7on dont l\u2019organisme convertit les lipides, prot\u00e9ines et glucides en \u00e9nergie. Elle aide aussi \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation de la tension art\u00e9rielle et du fonctionnement cardiovasculaire.<\/li>\n<li>La corticost\u00e9rone : cette hormone agit avec l\u2019hydrocortisone pour r\u00e9guler la r\u00e9ponse immunitaire et supprimer les r\u00e9actions inflammatoires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le principal min\u00e9ralocortico\u00efde est l\u2019aldost\u00e9rone qui maintient un \u00e9quilibre ad\u00e9quat entre le sel et l\u2019eau, tout en contribuant \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler la tension art\u00e9rielle.<\/p>\n<p>Contrairement au cortex surr\u00e9nal, la m\u00e9dulla surr\u00e9nale s\u00e9cr\u00e8te des hormones non essentielles \u00e0 la vie, mais quand m\u00eame b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques, car elles vous aident \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 la fois au stress physique et \u00e9motionnel.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9dulla surr\u00e9nale s\u00e9cr\u00e8te les hormones suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine (adr\u00e9naline) : cette hormone r\u00e9pond rapidement au stress en haussant la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque et en propulsant le sang vers les muscles et le cerveau; elle hausse aussi le taux de sucre sanguin en aidant \u00e0 convertir le glycog\u00e8ne en glucose dans le foie.<\/li>\n<li>La nor\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine (noradr\u00e9naline) : cette hormone agit avec l\u2019\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine en r\u00e9ponse au stress; elle peut cependant causer de la vasoconstriction (r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement des vaisseaux sanguins), ce qui entra\u00eene l\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Parmi les troubles et maladies des glandes surr\u00e9nales, la maladie d\u2019Addison (aussi appel\u00e9e insuffisance surr\u00e9nale) se d\u00e9veloppe lorsque le cortex surr\u00e9nal n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 produire une quantit\u00e9 suffisante de cortisol et d\u2019aldost\u00e9rone. Signalons aussi la maladie de Cushing, qui est caus\u00e9e par une surproduction de l\u2019hormone cortisol, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 une tumeur des glandes surr\u00e9nales ou de la glande pituitaire.<\/p>\n<p>La fatigue surr\u00e9nale englobe une s\u00e9rie de sympt\u00f4mes non sp\u00e9cifiques, notamment\u00a0: douleurs physiques, fatigue, nervosit\u00e9, perturbations du sommeil et troubles digestifs. Bien que l\u2019emploi de l&#8217;expression \u00ab fatigue surr\u00e9nale \u00bb soit courant, ce syndrome (un ensemble de sympt\u00f4mes) n\u2019est pas un diagnostic m\u00e9dical reconnu. Parmi ses nombreux autres sympt\u00f4mes, signalons ceux qui suivent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sensation de manque de repos au r\u00e9veil<\/li>\n<li>Incapacit\u00e9 accrue \u00e0 faire face au stress<\/li>\n<li>Cerveau embrouill\u00e9 ou diminution des facult\u00e9s cognitives<\/li>\n<li>Vertige en se levant d\u2019une position assise ou couch\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>Faible libido<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9ponse allergique plus aigu\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Hypotension art\u00e9rielle<\/li>\n<li>Hypoglyc\u00e9mie<\/li>\n<li>Faiblesse\u2026 et plus encore.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Des troubles surr\u00e9naux comme la maladie d\u2019Addison et la maladie de Cushing sont des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 qui n\u00e9cessitent un traitement m\u00e9dical ou une th\u00e9rapie \u00e0 vie de substitution hormonale (comme pour le diab\u00e8te de type 1 ou l\u2019hypothyro\u00efdie).<\/p>\n<p>Le meilleur traitement de la \u00ab fatigue surr\u00e9nale \u00bb comporte une saine alimentation (les r\u00e9gimes alimentaires \u00e0 forte teneur glyc\u00e9mique et la surconsommation de stimulants sont souvent probl\u00e9matiques), un sommeil ad\u00e9quat, une bonne gestion du stress et la prise d\u2019un suppl\u00e9ment \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 de multivitamines et min\u00e9raux comportant les constituants et nutriments de base qui soutiennent les fonctions r\u00e9nales et surr\u00e9nales normales. Les produits commercialis\u00e9s en fonction de leur capacit\u00e9 de traitement de la fatigue surr\u00e9nale sont rarement n\u00e9cessaires ou b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques, en particulier si on ne prend pas en compte ad\u00e9quatement les facteurs de style de vie et d\u2019alimentation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.endocrineweb.com\/endocrinology\/overview-adrenal-glands\">https:\/\/www.endocrineweb.com\/endocrinology\/overview-adrenal-glands<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On associe souvent les glandes surr\u00e9nales au stress et avec raison. Si on le fait, c&#8217;est \u00e0 cause de leur r\u00f4le dans la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de l\u2019adr\u00e9naline (\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine), l\u2019hormone qui permet \u00e0 l\u2019organisme de r\u00e9agir dans une situation de stress. Autrement dit, la r\u00e9action de lutte ou de fuite. Pourtant, ce n\u2019est pas leur r\u00f4le principal, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10897,"featured_media":51706,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"qa-category":[],"qa-tag":[20785],"class_list":["post-51720","qa","type-qa","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","qa-tag-body-systems"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les glandes surr\u00e9nales - Ask The Scientists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/fr\/qa\/adrenal-glands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les glandes surr\u00e9nales - Ask The Scientists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On associe souvent les glandes surr\u00e9nales au stress et avec raison. 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