{"id":12016,"date":"2017-07-31T08:51:43","date_gmt":"2017-07-31T14:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/whole-fruit-versus-fruit-juice-eat-drink\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T10:47:39","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T17:47:39","slug":"whole-fruit-versus-fruit-juice-eat-drink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askthescientists.com\/es\/whole-fruit-versus-fruit-juice-eat-drink\/","title":{"rendered":"Fruta Entera Versus Jugo De Fruta: Somos Lo Que Comemos (Y Lo Que Bebemos)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"fruit\"<\/p>\n

Se trata de un viejo adagio, \u00bfpero qu\u00e9 significa realmente?<\/p>\n

B\u00e1sicamente, que todo lo que constituye nuestro cuerpo f\u00edsico entr\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s de nuestra boca. Literalmente, estamos hechos de las cosas que consumimos, de las buenas, de las malas y de las feas. As\u00ed pues, nuestra dieta, el agua que bebemos y los suplementos nutricionales que consumimos son aquello de lo que estamos hechos.<\/p>\n

Pero \u00e9sa es solo una parte de la historia.<\/p>\n

En un nuevo estudio llevado a cabo en USANA Health Sciences y publicado en la revista Nutrients<\/em>, los cient\u00edficos han demostrado que lo que comemos (o lo que bebemos) puede tener un impacto significativo. De hecho, puede afectar la manera en que nuestros genes son regulados<\/a>, ya sea que se activen o que se desactiven.<\/p>\n

Ventajas de las frutas enteras y los jugos<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Evidencia observacional y epidemiol\u00f3gica muestra consistentemente que el consumo de fruta favorece la buena salud. Comer fruta generalmente ha sido recomendado por los expertos en salud como algo preferible a los jugos, a pesar de que los jugos y los productos a base de jugo con frecuencia se consideran como parte de un plan de alimentaci\u00f3n saludable.<\/p>\n

La fruta entera tiene una ventaja en el control de peso y la regulaci\u00f3n de la glucosa debido a su contenido de fibra<\/a>, adem\u00e1s de que tiene mayor volumen y produce una mayor sensaci\u00f3n de saciedad. Los jugos tienen algunas ventajas en cuanto a la practicidad, la disponibilidad todo el a\u00f1o, la r\u00e1pida rehidrataci\u00f3n y la variedad (la gente con frecuencia consume una mayor variedad de frutas a trav\u00e9s del consumo de jugos de lo que consumir\u00eda a trav\u00e9s del consumo de frutas enteras). Incluso con estas diferencias, siempre se ha supuesto que las frutas enteras y los jugos no procesados son nutricionalmente equivalentes.<\/p>\n

Nuevas investigaciones muestran que la fruta entera y los jugos afectan la salud de forma diferente<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nuevas investigaciones llevadas a cabo por cient\u00edficos de USANA Health Sciences, Inc. han revelado otra interesante diferencia entre la fruta entera y los jugos de frutas. Resulta ser que, de hecho, pueden ofrecer diferentes beneficios para la salud debido a que influyen en la salud y en el sistema inmunol\u00f3gico de maneras diferentes. En este estudio se encontr\u00f3 que los sujetos que consumieron fruta entera versus jugo de fruta ten\u00edan diferentes perfiles qu\u00edmicos (conocidos como metilaci\u00f3n o epigenoma) en regiones espec\u00edficas de su ADN.<\/p>\n

La epigen\u00e9tica es el estudio de los cambios en los organismos causados por la modificaci\u00f3n de la expresi\u00f3n de genes m\u00e1s que por la alteraci\u00f3n del c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico mismo. El cambio epigen\u00e9tico es un suceso regular y natural. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n puede verse influido por varios factores, incluyendo la edad, el medio ambiente\/estilo de vida y el estado de enfermedad.<\/p>\n

Una manera de ilustrar el significado de la epigen\u00e9tica es con los gemelos id\u00e9nticos. Ambos poseen un ADN, o c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico, id\u00e9ntico. Sin embargo, no son exactamente los mismos, y las diferencias se hacen incluso m\u00e1s obvias con la edad. Esto se debe a variaciones individuales en la dieta, el estilo de vida, el medio ambiente, el estado de enfermedad y otros factores que influyen en la manera en la que sus c\u00e9lulas leen los genes.<\/p>\n

En este estudio, las firmas epigen\u00e9ticas (c\u00f3digo qu\u00edmico que permite a los genes activarse o desactivarse) de los consumidores de fruta entera estaban enriquecidas en genes cercanos a v\u00edas espec\u00edficas. Estas v\u00edas eran aquellas asociadas con un mejor funcionamiento inmunitario, con la integridad de los cromosomas y con el mantenimiento de los tel\u00f3meros. Sin embargo, las mismas firmas de los sujetos que consumieron jugos de frutas estaban enriquecidas alrededor de genes asociados con v\u00edas proinflamatorias.<\/p>\n

Los autores apuntan al hecho de que la fruta entera es rica en fibra natural como una raz\u00f3n de esta diferencia. La fibra es eliminada durante el proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n de jugos.<\/p>\n

\u201cLas diferencias epigen\u00e9ticas observadas en nuestro estudio pueden atribuirse a la variaci\u00f3n en el contenido de fibra entre la fruta y el jugo\u201d, se\u00f1ala el estudio. \u201cLa fibra, mol\u00e9cula ampliamente no digerible, altera la tasa de digesti\u00f3n de nutrientes co-consumidos e influye as\u00ed en la ubicaci\u00f3n en el intestino y en el mecanismo mediante el cual los nutrientes derivados de la fruta son absorbidos y finalmente procesados. Gran parte de esta variaci\u00f3n en la absorci\u00f3n intestinal se debe posiblemente a la variaci\u00f3n en la descomposici\u00f3n de los nutrientes por parte de la microbiota intestinal\u201d.<\/p>\n

Conclusi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

El documento prosigue para concluir que, por primera vez, el consumo de jugo y de fruta est\u00e1 correlacionado con influencias diferentes en la expresi\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica. Adicionalmente, el an\u00e1lisis arroja nueva luz sobre los mecanismos moleculares que producen las interacciones entre nuestra dieta, las mol\u00e9culas de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n celular objetivo y las v\u00edas epigen\u00e9ticas.<\/p>\n

En una entrevista de seguimiento, el Dr. Robert Sinnott, autor senior<\/em>, enf\u00e1ticamente se\u00f1al\u00f3 que, \u201cclaramente, comer fruta entera versus el consumo de jugo de fruta confiere diferentes beneficios para la salud\u201d. Darles jugo a los ni\u00f1os en lugar de fruta entera en cubos no es lo mismo desde el punto de vista nutricional\u201d.<\/p>\n

Jessie Johnson, Ph.D., coautora del estudio, se\u00f1al\u00f3 lo siguiente acerca de las implicaciones de mayor alcance del estudio: \u201cEntender c\u00f3mo la ingesta de nutrientes\u2014desde alimentos integrales hasta bebidas y suplementos nutricionales\u2014activa las v\u00edas de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n celular, modula la fisiolog\u00eda celular y en \u00faltima instancia mejora la salud humana, ser\u00e1 un avance importante para personalizar todav\u00eda m\u00e1s las necesidades nutricionales de cada individuo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tradicionalmente, los nutrientes derivados de la dieta han sido observados de maneras diferentes. Han sido considerados como los elementos estructurales de una prote\u00edna, como cofactores de las enzimas, como componentes estructurales del cuerpo tales como los huesos, o como antioxidantes individuales que ayudan a depurar los radicales libres. Sin embargo, es mucho m\u00e1s complicado que eso. Los nutrientes y los compuestos diet\u00e9ticos tambi\u00e9n influyen en la manera en la que se comunican nuestras c\u00e9lulas y en c\u00f3mo se expresa nuestro c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico.<\/p>\n

Nicodemus-Johnson J, Sinnott RA. Fruit and Juice Epigenetic Signatures Are Associated with Independent Immunoregulatory Pathways.\u00a0Nutrients<\/em>. 2017; 9(7):752.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Se trata de un viejo adagio, \u00bfpero qu\u00e9 significa realmente? B\u00e1sicamente, que todo lo que constituye nuestro cuerpo f\u00edsico entr\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s de nuestra boca. Literalmente, estamos hechos de las cosas que consumimos, de las buenas, de las malas y de las feas. As\u00ed pues, nuestra dieta, el agua que bebemos y los suplementos nutricionales […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4638,"featured_media":10211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[20743,20726],"class_list":["post-12016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutrition_spotlight-es","tag-healthy-eating-es","tag-nutrition-basics-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFruta Entera Versus Jugo De Fruta: Somos Lo Que Comemos (Y Lo Que Bebemos) - Ask The Scientists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Everything that makes up your physical body came in through your mouth. 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